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Electrical energy is considered as one of the greatest [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] engineering achievements for the last three centuries. This technology has deep and lasting impact in every walk of life all over the world. This paper delves into the significance of electrical energy and its role as a technology [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] base for many other modern technologies. The people in the contemporary world are familiar with people like Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Edison as the forerunners of electric power and its generation, yet there have been many other personalities that have contributed a lot in electric power generation throughout the last few centuries of creation of this incredible engineering technology.
Indeed, the modern world cannot sustain without a good supply of electric power. There is no major technology that is not reliant on electric power. For instance the world with modern technologies like computer, TV or air conditioners or other modern gadgets are almost totally dependant on electricity power. In fact electricity has been related with mankind in one form or other. People have had some kind of knowledge regarding its usage. Benjamin Franklin known as the father of electricity first accomplished his array of scientific experiments with electricity that included his well-known work of kite and key. Yet at that time there was no way to utilize that technology in different fields of life.
The advancements in electric power generation continued to develop with new tools and equipments which run and operated with electrical energy. Thus in 1870, Alva Edison, the American scientist was able to create the first electric power plant in USA. This was followed by growth of a number [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] of electric power generating companies to meet the requirements of the people in the USA. At first these companies looked for the needs of businesses and for rich families who had various electrical appliances at home. It was as such profitable to those companies at that time avoiding many overheads in the supply of electric power. As with limited electric supply to few, the companies provided electricity that was used quite sparingly. With the passage of time and advancements in electricity there were several big companies in major cities of USA by 1920. These companies had unique equipments and tools to provide for diverse people and businesses.
Similarly, to provide optimum number of people and business the electric power, many US states promulgated new laws in their respective states. These laws remained applicable for many decades [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] in the states. With modern electric technology and equipments developing, new endeavors and advancements were made to exploit the electrical energy in the eighteenth century. [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] Hence technology gained momentum and for the next two centuries or so the scientists from all over the world worked hard to understand the nature of electrical energy in their countries. The subsequent centuries saw the large-scale creation of electrical energy. As such electrical technology was available in both commercial and domestic use. Its marketing and production improved considerably.
There are various sources of electrical energy. Coal, oil, and methane gas are used in large. In 2000, the USA consumed about 3.8 trillion Kwh of coal as a major source of thermal generated electricity in power stations. The other source methane gas is utilized to heat water for stream to produce combustible gases that move turbines to generate electrical power. Gas generators are generally used when there is a high demand for electrical power. In 2000, there was 16% consumption of methane gas in USA. Oil is the other electrical source which is in much demand all over the world. It [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] can also be used to [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] make turbine run to produce electrical energy. In the year 2000, the USA consumed about 3% of all power generated in its power plants.
Nuclear power is source of electrical power in which steam is produced by heating water through nuclear fission process. In nuclear power plants, there are continuous fission reactions that release both heat and energy. Consequently there is a [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] continuous chain reaction in nuclear power reactor. The more the fission reaction, the more is the generation of nuclear energy. The heat generated by nuclear reactors is used to convert water into steam that operates turbines generating electric power. In USA, Nuclear power is utilized to meet 20% of energy requirements of the country. Hydropower is another [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] source of electrical energy. About 7% of hydropower electricity is used by USA.
In hydropower electric generation process the electricity is a generated by flowing water in which turbines connected with generators thus producing electric power. Geothermal power is produced by means of heat energy underneath the surface of the earth. Places where there is enough heat close to the surface of the earth in which the underground water is converted into steam [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] that can be utilized to run steam-turbine plants. In USA geothermal power account for about 1% of the power needs of the country. Solar power is source of energy that is derived from the sun.
As it may be seen that the sun's energy is not accessible all the time and the solar energy is extensively dispersed all over. The procedure to generate solar power has traditionally been quite expensive in contrast to traditional fossil fuels. Solar power is generated by the process of Photovoltaic generation of electric power directly from sunlight in a solar cell. Accordingly Solar-thermal electric generators utilize solar energy to produce steam which helps in running of turbines. In USA there is less than 1% of the electric generation through solar power. Wind power is the source of electrical power realized when the energy contained in wind is converted into power. This kind of electrical energy source accounts for less than 1% of the USA's power requirements. Biomass is the source of electrical power which is found in wood, municipal solid waste, and agricultural refuse of corn cobs and wheat straw. These are energy sources for generating electric power.
These sources convert fossil fuels in the boiler where combustion occur. The combustion generates steam that is normally utilized in traditional steam-electric factories. In USA, Biomass comprises about 1% of the power needs of country. Electrical energy is considered as the core of all industrialized and developing countries. The transmission and usage of electrical energy is simple with no emissions of carbon dioxide and other pollutions. It can be generated in several ways too. Electricity can be used various ways and, for the future it offers the best opportunities for a sustainable and energy-efficient power supply. Electrical energy has been one of the most significant discoveries that have impacted the world most. It has profound effects on the daily lives of millions of people all over the world. It is one the most important part of modern technology without which most of the appliances in [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] use today would not have been imagined and used. It is used in all advanced technologies in use like cellular phones, PCs, telephone and telephone lines, the Internet, the heating systems, the lightning of houses etc. Our lifestyle would have [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] been quite different without the use of electricity.
All the modern technology would not have been possible without the use of electric power. Moreover the recent strides into space would not have been possible. Electricity has helped mankind to have good knowledge of its surroundings. Electrical power is quite economical and consequently has added attraction in its growing usage. In USA, though the relative cost of electrical energy is increased, however the real prices of it has been unchanged for many a decades. The above graph depicts the following: Real prices of electricity dropped in the 1960's. Electricity prices were raised both nominally and in real terms in the 1970's and in 1980 as fuel input prices increased and nuclear reactors construction costs rose. Real prices have steadily dropped since the early 1980's as a result of restructuring programs. The fuel and environmental cost rise are now invalidating this development. The present US electricity prices are 20% less than their peak time and at a level compatible with industry's lowest real level in the 1960's. To counteract electricity prices in the 1990s, the US government and 22 states embarked upon a plan to restructure electricity, to promote competition and decrease prices for customers. The impact of electricity restructuring created mixed results from the viewpoints of cost control and ecological impact.

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